Yes — EuropeanStack lists one European alternative to Anthropic: Mistral AI. It has a verified European headquarters.
Mistral AI (France) is the highest-rated European alternative to Anthropic in our reviews, with an overall rating of 7.9/10.
The alternative listed on this page has a verified European headquarters. It is headquartered in the EU/EEA, where GDPR applies directly. It also offers EU data hosting.